Arlington County, Texas

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History of Arlington County

The Big City With No City Bus RoadyGoat

1980

Here is a strange distinction for a city of around four hundred thousand people: Arlington is the largest city in the entire United States without a traditional public transit system. No real network of city buses, no light rail. Voters here turned down transit proposals more than once over the decades, worried about cost. Instead, the city runs an on-demand van service you summon with an app, more like a shared taxi than a bus route. And this is no sleepy town, it hosts a pro football team, a pro baseball team, and one of the busiest theme parks in the country. Millions of visitors a year pour into a major American city that simply decided not to build a bus system.

The Quarter-Mile Arches Over the Cowboys RoadyGoat

2009

The enormous Cowboys stadium in Arlington is held up by two of the largest arches ever built on any structure on Earth. Each is a giant box truss spanning about twelve hundred and twenty-five feet, roughly a quarter of a mile, the longest single-span arches on any building in the world. They rise some three hundred feet over the field and push out with up to nineteen million pounds of force, which is channeled down into massive concrete thrust blocks anchored in the ground. The two halves of the roof slide open or closed along those arches in about twelve minutes, driven by a rack-and-pinion gear system, the same basic mechanism as a car's steering. It is one of the boldest pieces of structural engineering in American sports.

A Three-Million-Dollar Racetrack That Lasted Eight Years RoadyGoat

1929

In 1929 the oil-and-cattle baron W.T. Waggoner opened a lavish horse-racing palace in Arlington: a mile-and-a-quarter track with a grandstand seating six thousand, built on his ranch land between Dallas and Fort Worth. There was just one problem, betting on the races was illegal when it opened. Texas legalized pari-mutuel wagering in 1933, and at its peak the track was clearing over a hundred thousand dollars a day. Then Waggoner died, and in 1937 the legislature reversed itself and banned the betting again. Without it, the track was finished. A three-million-dollar racing mecca rose and vanished in less than a decade, undone by the same law that had briefly let it thrive.

AMBER Alert

1996

On January 13, 1996, nine-year-old Amber Hagerman was riding her bicycle in an empty parking lot near her grandmother's house in Arlington, Texas. Suddenly, a man in a black pickup truck pulled into the parking lot and stopped next to Amber. He pulled Amber off her bike then pushed her into the truck's cab and drove off. A witness saw Amber struggling to get free and called police to report the abduction. Hundreds of tips poured in to the Arlington police hotline, and thirty FBI agents, as well as police from surrounding towns, were deployed to help find her. After four days, searchers found Amber's body two miles away in a creekbed. Her killer was never found. Amber's kidnapping riveted the nation, and her death hit the Dallas-Fort Worth area hard. In response, new child protection laws were passed and new communication methods were established. In October 1996 President Bill Clinton signed the Amber Hagerman Child Protection Act which expanded federal court jurisdiction over repeat child sex offenders and mandated life in prison for those convicted of a second sexual offense against a child. That same month, more than twenty-five Dallas-Fort Worth-area radio stations unveiled a plan, called Amber's Plan and later the Amber Plan, with local law enforcement to immediately notify the community if another child abduction occurred. The plan called for radio stations to interrupt their broadcasts and relay information so that the community could be on the lookout for the missing child. The hope was that having many people aware of the situation quickly would prevent another disappearance like Amber's. The idea for a broadcast alert came from Diana Simone, a Fort Worth woman who, on January 27, 1996, wrote a letter to the manager of local radio station KDMX-FM. "I would like to suggest an emergency system be set up," she wrote, "so that when a verified 911 call is placed; all the radio stations in the area would be notified immediately and they would interrupt programming to broadcast an emergency alert...." Simone asked that if they did put this alert into practice that they name it Amber's Plan. The first test of the Amber Plan occurred on July 5, 1997, when seven-year-old Jonathan Harrison disappeared in Dallas. His body was soon found, but his death was determined to be the result of an accident, not foul play. Overall, the consensus after this first real use was that the Amber Plan worked as intended; however, the road ahead for the Amber Plan was not smooth. Worried parents wanted the plan activated whether or not the child's disappearance was thought to be a kidnapping. Police worried that too much use of the Amber Plan would dull its effectiveness as people tuned out constant broadcasts. The public criticized police for implementing the plan too soon or too late, depending on the case. Police and radio stations continued to refine the alert system. Their work paid off in November 1998 when a driver heard the announcement of a kidnapped infant and realized he was behind the suspect. The infant was rescued and returned to her parents. After this success, communities across the United States began to take notice and consider how they could implement their own version of the Amber Plan. Homegrown plans took root around the country. Legislation called the PROTECT Act and signed by President George W. Bush in April 2003 established a national Amber Alert system, and the name eventually changed to the AMBER (America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response) Alert System. As of 2019, thirty other countries had a version of AMBER Alerts. The system of delivering AMBER Alerts continues to evolve. An array of federal agencies disseminates AMBER Alerts, as do wireless carriers, social media sites, smartphone apps, and digital billboards. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, as of April 2019, 957 children had been rescued specifically because of AMBER Alerts.

Colonel Neel E. Kearby

1937

Neel E. Kearby was born in Wichita Falls on June 5, 1911 to Dr. John Gallatin Kearby, Jr. and Bessie Lee (Stone) Kearby. He spent much of his childhood in Mineral Wells, but later moved to Arlington, graduating from Arlington High School in 1928 and beginning college at North Texas Agricultural College (now the University of Texas at Arlington). In 1937, Kearby received a business degree at the University of Texas at Austin and joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. He began flight training at Randolph Field in San Antonio, where he met his future wife, Virginia King Cochran. Once commissioned, Kearby completed a series of assignments and in 1942 was selected to command the 348th Fighter Group, which trained in New England prior to combat assignment in the Pacific Theater. During that time, Kearby trained his unit to effectively deploy the P-47 Thunderbolt fighter plane. Although the Thunderbolt was known to be bulky and cumbersome, Kearby developed aggressive tactics that his pilots used with great success against the enemy. During a six-month period in 1943 and 1944, Kearby bravely led missions in his P-47 (named the Fiery Ginger, after his wife), accumulating 22 aerial victories, including the destruction of a then-record six enemy aircraft in a single mission on October 11, 1943. The events of that day earned Kearby the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award for valor. His final mission occurred on March 5, 1944, when he was killed in action near Wewak, New Guinea, after downing an enemy bomber. During his military career, Kearby also earned two Silver Stars, four Distinguished Flying Crosses, five Air Medals and the Purple Heart. His body was recovered after the war and buried at Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas on July 23, 1949. (2009)

The Six Flags over Texas

1519

Flags of six different countries have been raised over Texas. In 1519 the land was claimed for Spain, whose explorers came later in search of silver and gold, but found buffalo, Indians and mirages. They planted the red and gold banner of Spain, with its lions and castles, beside the cross of the missionaries intent on converting the Red Men. The gold and white standard of France arrived in 1685 with the expedition of La Salle, the first resident Governor of Texas. Around a fort built near the Lavaca River, La Salle tried to establish a permanent colony for his King. He failed and in 1687 was killed by his own men. French activity in Texas caused Spain to renew her interest. Finding the fort of La Salle in ruins, the Spaniards in 1689 began to build missions and presidios, and grant land for ranches and colonies. Smoldering rebellion in 1821 brought an end to Spanish rule. Afterward the green, white and red flag of Mexico--with its eagle, serpent and cactus--flew in Texas for 15 years. The settlers joined together in building towns, farming, fighting Indians. Then the policies of dictator Santa Anna provoked revolution. On March 2, 1836, the Texas Declaration of Independence was adopted and signed at Washington-on-the-Brazos. The Republic of Texas was born in the dark era of the fall of the Alamo, Goliad Massacre and "Runaway Scrape" of settlers fleeing before the coming of Santa Anna and his army. The glorious victory of the Texans at San Jacinto on April 2, 1836, established the sovereignty of the Lone Star Flag. As a nation, Texas built towns and mills; developed strong commerce; fought against the Indians and foreign raiders; established patterns of justice, with homestead acts and other laws; and won the respect of all the world. However, after nine yeas as a Republic, the people voted in favor of annexation to the United States. On February 16, 1846, the Lone Star banner became a state flag and Texas took her position as the 28th star in the United States flag. Until 1861 no other state adopted a flag, but the Lone Star has been the pride of Texas through all the years since 1836. For 4 years, 1861-1865, the stars and bars of the Confederate States of America flew over Texas. 90,000 Texans served the South. The state supplied large amounts of cotton, food and other goods. At the end of the Civil War, Old Glory with its stars and stripes again was raised. Some other flags have flown somewhat briefly over parts of Texas, but the six national banners shown here are those of enduring history. The exhibits associated with the Six Flags over Texas make vivid the colorful history of the Lone Star State.

Chawla, Kalpana

1997

Kalpana Chawla, the first Indian American woman astronaut, was born on March 17, 1962, in Karnal, India, to Syongita (Devi) and Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner of a tire manufacturing plant. As a child she dreamed of becoming an astronaut after being inspired by Jehangir R. D. “JRD” Tata, the pilot of the first mail flights in India and owner of Tata Air Services. She graduated from the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School in Karnal in 1976. In 1978 she attended Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, India. There she was the first woman to enroll in aerospace engineering courses and one of four women in the engineering program. She graduated with a bachelor of science degree in aeronautical engineering in 1982, then moved to the United States. In 1984 Chawla received a master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington. While in Arlington, she met Jean-Pierre Harrison, a licensed pilot. They married in Tarrant County on December 2, 1983. At the University of Colorado, she earned a Ph.D. in aerospace engineering in 1988. After completing her education, Chawla worked on power-lift computational fluid dynamics for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). At the NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, she researched complex airflows during vertical/short takeoffs and landings for aircrafts such as Harriers. She became a naturalized citizen of the United States in April 1991 and applied for NASA’s astronaut program. In 1993 she was named the vice president of Overset Methods, Inc., a small scientific-research-based non-profit corporation in Los Altos, California. After months of evaluations and interviews, in December 1994 Chawla was accepted into the NASA Astronaut Corps. She and her husband moved to Houston, Texas, and she began her training at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in March 1995. She was selected in November 1996 for the six-member crew of the STS-87 (Space Transportation System-87) to fly the space shuttle Columbia in 1997. She served as the STS-87 Mission Specialist 1 and backup Flight Engineer for ascent. As the primary operator of the shuttle’s robotic arm, she successfully removed a satellite from the shuttle’s payload bay. When STS-87 launched on November 19, 1997, Chawla became the first woman born in India and first Indian American woman in space. India’s Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral called her personally from Earth to congratulate her. He expressed how proud India was of her and her achievements and that she was an inspiration to Indian women and children. Although Chawla gave up her Indian citizenship to become an astronaut, India always remained important to her. To provide educational opportunities in science for Indian girls, she arranged for her hometown Tagore school to participate in NASA’s Summer Space Experience Program. Beginning in 1998 the Tagore School sent two female students each year to the Foundation for International Space Education’s United Space School in Houston. Every summer Chawla invited the students to her home for a homemade Indian dinner. In 2000 NASA selected Chawla as Flight Engineer and Mission Specialist for the STS-107 mission. On January 16, 2003, after numerous delays, space shuttle Columbia launched the STS-107 crew of seven astronauts into space for a sixteen-day mission. Chawla’s family from South Delhi watched lift-off at Cape Canaveral, Florida, and spoke with her a few hours later. Upon completing their mission, however, Columbia ’s reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere took a tragic turn on February 1, 2003 ( see SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA CRASH ). With just minutes left of the mission, Columbia broke apart, killing all seven members of the crew, including Chawla. Prior to the disaster, Chawla had recorded thirty-one days, fourteen hours, and fifty-four minutes in space. She was survived by her husband, parents, and a brother. Her identified remains were cremated, and her ashes were scat

Six Flags Over Texas

1961

Six Flags over Texas (Six Flags), a tourist attraction and amusement park, is located equidistant between Dallas and Fort Worth in Arlington, Texas just off Interstate Highway 30 and State Highway 360. The amusement park was originally owned and operated by the Great Southwest Corporation. It was one of the first theme entertainment centers in the United States when it opened on August 5, 1961, although it was initially founded as a money-making scheme to support construction and expansion of a multi-use industrial and commercial development. Six Flags was the brainchild of Angus G. Wynne, Jr. , a graduate of UT Arlington (then North Texas Agricultural College). Wynne served in the Navy during World War II and, upon returning home, he and his business partners began a real estate development business. The initial success of the business inspired Wynne to seek out more investment opportunities, and the construction of the Dallas-Fort Worth Turnpike (present-day Interstate 30) in the mid-1950s provided the infrastructure to successfully develop the surrounding area. Wynne conceived of constructing a massive industrial park and purchased several thousand acres in the Arlington/Grand Prairie area. He hired a team of experts to design and plan the large-scale project, which he dubbed the Great Southwest Industrial District (GSWID). However, despite his efforts, the GSWID struggled financially in its early years, and as a result, Wynne proposed constructing a sporting complex to draw in visitors. During planning of the sporting complex, Wynne and his family visited Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Wynne was so inspired by his visit that he decided that instead of a sporting complex, he would construct a theme park with a unique Texas spin. The theme park was named Six Flags Over Texas to represent the six flags are that have flown over Texas: the flags of Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas , the Confederate States of America, and the United States of America. In August 1960, construction began on Six Flags, located on a 105-acre tract between Arlington and Grand Prairie. The initial financial investment was $10 million, and many local leaders and businesspeople were wary of the park's chances for financial success. The park's grand opening was held on August 5, 1961, and that day reportedly had 8,374 visitors. The success of Six Flags encouraged expansion, and by the end of the year the owners had already earmarked another half a million dollars to construct new attractions, including a new "city" depicting Texas' Spindletop era, expansion of the lake, new live entertainment, and the jungle-themed Skull Island. In 1972, just over a decade after its opening day, the theme park had grown to include over ninety rides and attractions, a 300-foot oil derrick, and numerous theaters and auditoriums. That year the park recorded an annual visitation of two million people. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Six Flags continued to expand, adding new rides and attractions to meet the growing demand for larger and more thrilling roller coasters and rides. In 2011, Six Flags was the number one paid tourist attraction in the southwestern U.S. Replicas of historic places on the grounds depict the history of the Lone Star State. The Texas Historical Commission placed Texas historical markers at a replica of Fort St. Louis , originally established in 1685; a "Boom Town" that contains some of the oil rigging and tools used by roughnecks during the 1920s; an antique hand-carved carousel; and at the park's demonstration of Texas railroads, which provides visitors a view of some of the original narrow-gauge railway tracks used in the nineteenth century. The 205-acre park offers more than 100 rides and shows for the price of admission. Popular recording artists perform at the Music Mill Theater during the evenings. An amphitheater provides revues, and a number of restaurants serve traditional Southern, Mexican, and American foods. Rides include a

Jesse Chisholm

1843

Founder of World-Famous Cattle Trail Jesse Chisholm (1805-1868) Represented the Republic of Texas and President Sam Houston in many negotiations with Indians. Half Scotsman, half Cherokee, a scout, hunter, trader and trailblazer. Spoke 40 Indian languages and dialects and was a respected influence among southwestern tribes, including the wild Kiowas and Comanches. In 1843, near here at Bird's Fort on the Trinity, was interpreter for a peace conference; in 1849 was in negotiations at Grapevine Springs, to the north. He is best known for marking the Chisholm Trail across Oklahoma and Kansas. Cowboys driving cattle north to seek favorable markets used his direct route which avoided deep rivers and lay in grassy, watered land. He thus helped rebuild Texas economy that had been wrecked in 1861-1865 by Civil War. Cattle had increased greatly in wartime. Texas had no market; drives were necessary so $5 longhorns could go to northern markets to bring $30 or more per head. In 1867 the Chisholm Trail was extended to Abilene, Kansas, where cattle loading pens and railroad shipping cars were provided. This was the best known of several cattle trails from Texas over which some 10,000,000 beeves were driven from the state during the years 1866-1884. Incised in base: Erected in commemoration of Chisholm Trail Centennial, 1967

Historical Marker → · 3.7 mi away

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